Cunning-Folk and Familiar Spirits: Shamanistic Visionary Traditions in Early Modern British Witchcraft and Magic hedge and communication with ancestors

and communication with ancestors

but engages him in a war of riddles

• Explains how to create Goddess-centered crystal grids

The Shaman of Trois Freres is carved into the ceiling chamber of a Paleolithic hunter's initiation cave

Cunning-Folk and Familiar Spirits: Shamanistic Visionary Traditions in Early Modern British Witchcraft and Magic hedge and communication with ancestorsIn the hundreds of confessions relating to witchcraft and sorcery trials from early modern Britain we frequently find detailed descriptions of intimate working relationships between popular magical practitioners and familiar spirits of either human or animal form. Until recently historians often dismissed these descriptions as elaborate fictions created by judicial interrogators eager to find evidence of stereotypical pacts with the Devil. Although